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1 Key World Energy Statistics, International Energy Agency, 2008. See: http://www.iea.org
2 Ibid.
3 Electricity distribution loss among 'highest' in Europe, The Times of Malta, 2 November 2008. See: www.timesofmalta.com
4 Overview of the Electric Grid, US Department of Energy. See: http://www.energetics.com
5 The evangelist of smart energy, Business Week, 5 August 2005. See: http://www.businessweek.com
6 See: Global electrical infrastructure: generation, transmission & distribution equipment & services: a market and competitive analysis 2007-2017, Goulden Reports, July 2007.
7 For example, see: RuggedCom reports 204% increase in profitability on revenue growth of 54% for Q2 fiscal 2009, CNW Group, 14 November 2008.
8 Acquisitions in SmartGrid: Get Used to It, Greentech Media, 14 November 2008.
9 Free electricity meters will help us save money and the planet, Scotland on Sunday, 6 January 2008.
10 See: http://www.smartgridnews.com
11 Oil down 50% from July high, The Daily Telegraph, 16 October 2008.
12 America's vulnerable energy grid, Council on Foreign Relations, 24 April 2007.
13 US venture capital investment in Cleantech companies reaches record $1.6 billion in Q3 2008 with a surge in later stage financings, Market Watch, 30 October 2008.
14 Consumer confidence, concerns, spending and attitudes to recession, Nielsen, 20 June 2008.
15 Global chip sales forecast to drop 5.6 percent in 2009, Reuters, 19 November 2009. See: http://www.reuters.com
16 Laptop subsidies: how aggressive will operators be? Fierce Wireless, 3 November 2008.
17 Ibid.
18 Mobile broadband: has 3's time come?, Ovum Euronews, 2008. See: http://www.ovum.com
19 SIM-only mobile services take off, vnunet, 22 May 2008.
20 Gartner: Mini-laptops keep PC market from sinking, Computer World, 15 October 2008.
21 Acer: We'll take half the netbook market in 2009, Slash Gear, 3 November 2008.
22 Not interested in a Netbook computer? Consider the Honda Fit, CNET News, 9 November 2008.
23 Computer lite: Netbooks are a viable alternative to laptops, WalletPop, 14 November 2008.
24 Worldwide PC microprocessor market hits record levels of unit shipments again in 3Q08, but outlook for market has grown murky, IDC, 3 November 2008.
25 See: http://www.amazon.com
26 PCs: will netbooks currency mean big '09 revenue decline?, Barron's, 30 October 2008.
27 Intel optimistic about future nettop performance, but PC vendors not so sure, TG Daily, 26 June 2008.
28 Microsoft missing netbook growth as Linux wins sales (Update2), Bloomberg, 6 November 2008.
29 Netbook return rates much higher for Linux than Windows, Slashdot, 5 October 2008; Apricot drops Linux for its netbooks, Tech Radar, 23 October 2008.
30 Does Windows have a future on netbooks? Microsoft Watch, 3 November 2008.
31 Smaller PCs cause worry for industry, The New York Times, 21 July 2008.
32 Eee PC S101: A premium netbook, CNET News, 6 October 2008.
33 Windows 7 is 'netbook-friendly', Windows for Devices, 31 October 2008.
34 Dongles gobbling network capacity, Top 10 Broadband, 18 September 2008.
35 Moore's Law states that the 'number of processors on a chip will double about every two years'. For more information, see: http://www.intel.com
36 For further background on the falling price for storage, see: Wired 11.05, View, Wired, May 2003. See: http://www.wired.com For more background on the falling price of connectivity, see: Wholesale Internet Bandwidth Prices Keep Falling, GigaOM, 7 October 2008. See: http://gigaom.com/
37 Firms ignore MP3 and memory stick security risk, vnunet, 14 July 2008.
38 Prices obtained from Amazon websites in various countries in November 2008.
39 Firms ignore MP3 and memory stick security risk, vnunet, 14 July 2008.
40 Pod slurping: the latest data threat, Search Security, 15 February 2007.
41 Second-hand VPN kit sold on eBay for under a pound automatically opens a connection to Kirklees council's private networks, ITPRO, 29 September 2008.
See: http://www.itpro.co.uk
42 Legislation requiring companies to disclose data losses, rather than only to comment if the loss were to become public knowledge, is likely to become more widespread. Legislation may also be enacted that requires companies to undertake deeper levels of data protection. For example see: http://www.mass.gov
43 Five biometric technologies business could use, ITPRO, 13 November 2008. See: http://www.itpro.co.uk
44 Oil price 'may hit $200 a barrel' BBC, 7 May 2008; Crude falling despite news of OPEC meeting, MSNBC, 14 November 2008.
45 See: http://www.opec.org
46 Investors suffer as ethanol boom dries up, Financial Times, 21 October 2008; also: BP: 'We should see volatility increase', Euractiv, 1 October 2008.
47 Cassatt Survey finds massive data center energy waste, Mission Critical, 1 May 2008.
48 Google: The world's most efficient data centers, Data Center Knowledge, 1 October 2008. Note: PUE is an emerging standard promoted by The Green Grid and others in the data center industry to provide a consistent way to measure the ratio of power delivered to IT equipment compared with the total amount of power used by the facility. PUE allows data center managers to calculate how much power is driving the actual IT equipment versus non-IT elements such as cooling and lighting. A PUE rating of 1.0 is considered the optimal. Most companies' data centers have a PUE of closer to 2.0.
49 Ibid.
50 Needed: $26 trillion. Cash required to avert energy supply shock, Calgary Herald, 13 November 2008.
51 The effect of data center temperature on energy efficiency, Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems, May 2008.
52 Putting your data center on an energy diet, Computerworld, 21 August 2007.
53 IT departments waste energy, survey finds, Green IT News, 16 June 2008.
54 2007: Biometrics Grows, Storage Shrinks, 'Free' disappears, TechNewsWorld, 9 January 2007. See: http://www.technewsworld.com
55 Analysis: the growing cost of data and information storage, Public Technology, 21 August 2006.
56 Storage industry braces for 2009 slowdown in storage spending, Search Storage, 16 October 2008.
57 The Diverse and Exploding Digital Universe, IDC, March 2008.
58 Ibid.
59 Based on: Storage in the sky, ARN, 2 July 2008; The diverse and exploding digital universe, IDC, March 2008; Exabyte era emerging, Fat Pipe, 15 September 2007; Keeping pace with digital storage, LSI, September 2008.
60 The future of enterprise storage, CRN, 5 August 2008.
61 IBM estimates that there are over 20,000 regulations worldwide that affect data storage, accessibility, and retention requirements. For further information, see: http://www.redbooks.ibm.com
62 Over one-third of the Top 50 Best Global Brands, ranked by Interbrand, are those of technology companies. See:
http://www.interbrand.com. Also see: Best Global Brands, Business Week, 18 September 2008.
63 For example, supermarket chain Tesco now sells own-label, generic software in stores and online. See: http://www.tescosoftware.com/.
64 Gartner sees great SaaS enterprise application growth despite downturn, eWeek, 24 October 2008.
65 Telecom market heading for healthy growth, TIA projects, Search Telecom, 26 February 2008.
66 For example, see: Lawsuit over Virgin Mobile's use of Flickr girl blames Creative Commons, Out-Law.com, 25 September 2007.
67 According to IBM, there are over 20,000 regulations worldwide affecting data storage. See: http://www.redbooks.ibm.com
68 For example, see: Apple hit with 3G iPhone lawsuit, ABC News, 20 August 2008.
69 Repetitive strain injury costs business £300m in lost working hours, Personnel Today, 4 June 2008. The article refers to the cost of mobile work related injuries, such as thumb strain resulting from the use of click wheels.
70 For example, see: BlackBerry maker, NTP ink $612 million settlement, CNN, 3 March 2006.
71 Clarity needed for digital copyright law, Computing, 8 April 2008.
72 For example, see: YouTube faces $1 billion lawsuit for alleged breach of copyright, The Guardian, 14 March 2007.
73 The IP Factor In M&A Deals, Howard and Howard, 10 July 2008.
74 In common law systems, the concept of joint and several liability usually means that any defendant in a legal action (assuming there are more than one) may be found responsible for the entire amount of damages being pursued by the plaintiff, regardless of the individual share of damages actually caused by each defendant. Under joint and several liability, if one defendant is not able to pay, the other defendants can be liable for the entire sum of damages. Critics of joint and several liability refer to it as the 'deep pocket' rule because of the potential to turn a lawsuit into a search for the wealthiest defendant.
75 Text messaging while driving: a growing national concern, Associated Content, 8 May 2007.
76 Enterprise 2.0, the market of vendors that sell technologies such as blogs, wikis and social networking applications to companies, is likely to become more competitive as IT budgets get trimmed. See: http://www.itworld.com
77 Social networking explodes worldwide as sites increase their focus on cultural relevance, comScore, 12 August 2008. See: http://www.comscore.com
78 See: http://www.businessweek.com
79 Advertisers' preferred social media spend: None, Silicon Alley Insider, 10 November 2008. See: http://www.alleyinsider.com
80 IBM gets serious about social networking with new research center, TechNewsWorld, 17 September 2008. See: http://www.technewsworld.com
81 See: http://greateribm.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page
82 See: http://www-01.ibm.com
83 Open Text Releases Next Generation Web Solutions, Market Watch, 29 October 2008. See: http://www.marketwatch.com
84 Bosses 'should embrace Facebook', BBC, 29 October 2008. See: http://news.bbc.co.uk
85 AT&T claim social network improves efficiency in the workplace, Social Media Portal, 11 November 2008. See: http://www.socialmediaportal.com
86 RIM: BlackBerry's future lies in social networking, ZDNet, 14 February 2008. See: http://news.zdnet.com/
87 How Obama tapped into social networks' power, The New York Times, 9 November 2008. See: http://www.nytimes.coml
88 Government creates own version of Wikipedia, The Ottawa Citizen, 29 October 2008. See: http://www.canada.com
89 Google uses searches to track flu's spread, The New York Times, 11 November 2008. See: http://www.nytimes.com
90 Intel CEO touts collaboration, mobile translation device at Web 2.0 Show, eWeek.com, 6 November 2008. See: http://www.eweek.com
91 Opportunities and challenges for world nuclear industry in 21st Century, International Atomic Energy Agency, 9 June 2008.
92 For some of the discussion on nuclear energy, see: The Power to Deliver, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu 2006.
93 Agency predicts nuclear power capacity growth, Associated Press, 16 October 2008.
94 EU faces deadline on GM food ban, BBC News, 11 January 2008.
95 Summary document of the FAO email conference: "Coping with water scarcity in developing countries: What role for agricultural biotechnologies?", Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 19 December 2007. See: http://www.fao.org
96 Drought resistant GM crops ready in four years, The Guardian, 8 October 2008.
97 Is water the new oil?, The Guardian, 1 November 2008.
98 GM Crops needed in Britain, says Minister, The Independent, 19 June 2008.
99 For more information, see: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz
100 For example, see: Marks & Spencer continues its assault on additives, Marks & Spencer, 15 May 2007. See: http://www.marksandspencer.com
101 Plastic: the elephant in the room, Financial Times, 25 April 2008.
102 Nuclear power rebirth revives waste debate, Reuters, 22 January 2008.
103 Could new GM crops please the greens, New Scientist, 5 January 2008.
104 The balance of power: How can UK manufacturers control energy costs and remain competitive?, Deloitte LLP, November 2008.