In terms of the potential impact on sectors, based on EU workers as a proportion of total sectoral workforce, the most vulnerable sectors are accommodation & food services (EU workers make up 14.2 per cent of the workforce), manufacturing (10.3 per cent), and transport & storage (13.5 per cent). 

The data in our survey on leaving intentions cannot be translated into precise forecasts of the impact on businesses and institutions. This is partly because intentions are not the same as actions, and the numbers who say that are considering leaving may change within the lengthy five-year period. 

Despite these uncertainties, the results are indicative of a significant coming challenge for many sectors of the UK economy. A substantial number of EU workers, and especially highly-skilled workers, are now less likely to favour the UK as a place to live and work, and are more likely to leave the UK than before.